Fibre optic cables can be attached to any type of fence to detect and pinpoint the location of disturbances including cutting, climbing and lifting. Utilising advanced signal processing, nuisance alarms can be minimised without compromising intrusion detection sensitivity. The enhanced oDSP chip can detect DAS signals with a dynamic range of 50+ dB across the entire segment — four times higher than the industry average.
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The development of the relay protection based on open architecture is a relevant direction of electrical and electronic engineering.
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Its main purpose is to safeguard electrical equipment like transformers, generators, and transmission lines from damage due to abnormal conditions such as overloads, short circuits, or voltage imbalances. The protected zone is the part of the network in which faults cause the protection function to operate. Protective relays and devices have been developed over 100 years ago to provide "lastline"of defense for the electrical systems. It functions as a watchdog by constantly surveying multiple system components including voltage, current, frequency, and phase angle.
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Fingrid's application guideline for relay protection presents the operating principles of the relay protection in Fingrid's 110, 220 and 400 kV power networks and the requirements for operation of the protection systems of Fingrid customers (hereinafter referred to as 'customer'). The AQ 100 medium-voltage and low-voltage product lines are designed using top-of-the-line technology, with a focus on simplicity while maintaining both flexibility and function. However, not all of them need to be repaired on-site, thanks to relay protection in the main grid. Today, Finder manufactures more than 14 500 different electromechanical and electronic devices for the domestic, commercial and industrial sectors, all manufactured in European plants in Italy, France and Spain. ABB is delivering the primary power distribution solution with protection relays and robotic technologies to technology company Wärtsilä's Smart Technology Hub research, product development and production center, which is being completed in Vaskiluoto in the city of Vaasa, Finland.
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The IEC standard for relay coordination recommends time grading between relays based on fault current magnitude and operating characteristics. Selective short-circuit protection can be achieved in different ways, such as: Time-graded protection Time- and current-graded protection A straightforward way of obtaining selective protection is to use time grading. System Configuration Source Short Circuit MVA (at PCC) Short circuit capacity of the upstream source at the point of common coupling. Achieving coordination and ensuring that time overcurrent and distance relays operate in a predictable manner can be quite burdensome, especially in highly coupled power systems with tight loops in the topology structure. The faster the protection operates, the smaller the resulting hazards, damage and the thermal stress will be.
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